In order to establish Islam as the ruling religion, thus ensuring the preservation of the Book of God, the Prophet and his companions had to suffer torments of unbearable intensity. The pagans wanted to
miracles. The Prophet’s opponents were not visited by any celestial or terrestrial punishment from God, as had been the case with those who denied the prophets of old. The Prophet and his companions had
what earthquakes and volcanoes had previously been used for— punish the disbelievers. The Book of God was not revealed all at once; the period of revelation extended over twenty-three years. During this