believers until they seek your arbitration in their disputes and find within themselves no doubt about what you decide and accept it wholeheartedly. (4:65) This Quranic verse relates to religious leadership

is personal differences in tastes, ways of thinking, and modes of expression that create problems. What is called an ego-problem is actually a phenomenon arising from the simple fact of living amongst a

are born with great potential, but to unfold this potential they need to face constant challenges. What philosophers call the ‘problem of evil’ is nothing but the problem of challenge. And, it is this that

positive leadership gives the right direction to its people, so that they set about struggling for what is right, rather than just register complaint after complaint. It is this kind of positive leadership

exulted in such knowledge as they had; but (soon) the scourge at which they scoffed encompassed them.6 What is meant by knowledge here is the corrupted form of religion, which people have been adhering to for

is still subject to interpretation. Towards the end of the 19th century, there was a strong wave of what was popularly called ‘scientific atheism’. The argument often offered to negate the existence of God

cool-mindedly and, by making a realistic assessment of his situation, plans his life anew. By forgetting what is lost, he reorganizes his work on the basis of whatever he still possesses. Frustration yields pride

for the Prophet to emerge so that they could pounce on him and kill him. The Prophet knew exactly what was going on. Quietly, he continued his preparations. That night, according to plan, he left Makkah

this offer, I will fight with them in support of my cause, even at the risk of losing my life. And what God wishes will come to pass.”I3 The theme of this message shows that the Prophet was appealing to

and the majesty of God. This story has been brought to an end for the first time by modern science. What modern science did for the first time was to place all human or non-human greatness in a non-divine